CComPtr 和 CComQIPtr

问题

CComPtr 和 CComQIPtr 长得这么像,有啥关系和区别?

分析

  1. 看代码 CComQIPtr 继承自 CComPtr,CComPtr<IUnknown> 没问题,但 CComQIPtr<IUnknown> 报错,应该使用 CComQIPtr<IUnknown, &IID_IUnknown>。

  2. 不同类型 CComPtr<> 不能直接互相构造;CComQIPtr<> 则可以,因为 CComQIPtr 会进行目标类型的 QueryInterface。

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CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
// ...
CComPtr<IDispatch> d(u); // error

CComQIPtr<IDispatch> d(u); // right, will call QueryInterface
  1. 两者构造/赋值时,都会进行 AddRef,如果不想 AddRef,可以使用裸指针(必须十分清楚自己在干嘛!)。
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CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
// ...
CComPtr<IUnknown> u1(u); // will call AddRef

CComQIPtr<IDispatch> d(u); // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)

auto raw = static_cast<IDispatch*>(u.p); // won't call AddRef
  1. 两者赋值时,小部分行为不同。以下模板使得,当等号两边类型不同时,CComPtr 为左值和 CComQIPtr 为左值,表现不同。
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// CComPtr
template <typename Q>
T* operator=(_Inout_ const CComPtr<Q>& lp) throw()
{
if(!this->IsEqualObject(lp) )
{
AtlComQIPtrAssign2((IUnknown**)&this->p, lp, __uuidof(T));
}
return *this;
}

总结

  • 您可以忘记 CComPtr,只使用 CComQIPtr;

  • 或者,尽量使用 CComPtr,只在必要时使用 CComQIPtr。

测试代码

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#include <iostream>

#include <atlbase.h>
#include <atlcom.h>
#include <atlstr.h>

MIDL_INTERFACE("00554d55-0000-0000-C000-000000000041")
IA : public IUnknown {
public:
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FuncA() = 0;
};

MIDL_INTERFACE("00554d55-0000-0000-C000-000000000042")
IB : public IA {
public:
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FuncB() = 0;
};

class A : public IA {
public:
~A() { std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n"; }

HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(
/* [in] */ REFIID riid,
/* [iid_is][out] */ _COM_Outptr_ void __RPC_FAR* __RPC_FAR* ppvObject) {
if (__uuidof(IA) == riid || __uuidof(IUnknown) == riid) {
*ppvObject = this;
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n";
AddRef();
return S_OK;
}
return E_NOINTERFACE;
}

ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) {
++ref_;
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << ref_ << "\n";
return ref_;
}

ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) {
--ref_;
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << ref_ << "\n";
if (0 == ref_) {
delete this;
}
return ref_;
}

HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FuncA() {
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n";
return S_OK;
}

private:
int ref_ = 0;
};

class B : public IB {
public:
~B() { std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n"; }

HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(
/* [in] */ REFIID riid,
/* [iid_is][out] */ _COM_Outptr_ void __RPC_FAR* __RPC_FAR* ppvObject) {
if (__uuidof(IB) == riid || __uuidof(IUnknown) == riid) {
*ppvObject = this;
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n";
AddRef();
return S_OK;
}
return E_NOINTERFACE;
}

ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) {
++ref_;
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << ref_ << "\n";
return ref_;
}

ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) {
--ref_;
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << ref_ << "\n";
if (0 == ref_) {
delete this;
}
return ref_;
}

HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FuncA() {
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n";
return S_OK;
}

HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FuncB() {
std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "\n";
return S_OK;
}

private:
int ref_ = 0;
};

HRESULT CreateObject(REFIID riid,
_COM_Outptr_ void __RPC_FAR* __RPC_FAR* ppvObject) {
if (__uuidof(IA) == riid || __uuidof(IUnknown) == riid) {
auto p = new A;
p->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObject);
return S_OK;
} else if (__uuidof(IB) == riid) {
auto p = new B;
p->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObject);
return S_OK;
}
return E_NOINTERFACE;
}

int main() {
std::cout << "---- Raw pointer:\n";
{
IUnknown* u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IA), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
auto a = static_cast<IA*>(u);
a->FuncA();
a->Release();
}
std::cout << "---- ctor\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IUnknown), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
CComPtr<IUnknown> u2(u); // will call AddRef
CComQIPtr<IA> a(u); // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
CComQIPtr<IB> b(a); // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
a->FuncA();
}
std::cout << "---- CComPtr A=B:\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IB), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
CComPtr<IA> a;
a = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (a) {
a->FuncA();
}

CComPtr<IB> b;
b = u;
if (b) {
b->FuncA();
b->FuncB();
}

// template<T, Q>
a = b; // failed
if (a) {
std::cout << "failed!\n";
a->FuncA();
}
}
std::cout << "---- CComQIPtr A=CComPtr<B>:\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IB), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
CComQIPtr<IA> a;
a = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (a) {
a->FuncA();
}

CComPtr<IB> b;
b = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (b) {
b->FuncA();
b->FuncB();
}

a = b; // will call AddRef
if (a) {
std::cout << "OK! B is-a A\n";
a->FuncA();
}
}
std::cout << "---- CComQIPtr A=CComQIPtr<B>:\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IB), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
CComQIPtr<IA> a;
a = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (a) {
a->FuncA();
}

CComQIPtr<IB> b;
b = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (b) {
b->FuncA();
b->FuncB();
}

a = b; // will call AddRef
if (a) {
std::cout << "OK! B is-a A\n";
a->FuncA();
}
}
std::cout << "---- CComPtr B=A:\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IUnknown), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
CComPtr<IA> a;
a = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (a) {
a->FuncA();
}

CComPtr<IB> b;
b = u; // failed
if (b) {
b->FuncA();
b->FuncB();
}
}
std::cout << "---- CComQIPtr B=A:\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IUnknown), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
CComQIPtr<IA> a;
a = u; // will call QueryInterface(call AddRef impliedly)
if (a) {
a->FuncA();
}

CComQIPtr<IB> b;
b = u; // failed
if (b) {
b->FuncA();
b->FuncB();
}
}
std::cout << "---- CComQIPtr<IB>:\n";
{
CComQIPtr<IB> b;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IB), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&b));
std::cout << hr << ", " << b << "\n";
b->FuncA();
b->FuncB();
}
std::cout << "---- CComPtr<IA>:\n";
{
CComPtr<IA> a;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IB), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&a));
std::cout << hr << ", " << a << "\n";
a->FuncA();
}
std::cout << "---- CComPtr<IUnknown>:\n";
{
CComPtr<IUnknown> u;
HRESULT hr = CreateObject(__uuidof(IA), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&u));
std::cout << hr << ", " << u << "\n";
auto a = static_cast<IA*>(u.p);
a->FuncA();
}

return 0;
}
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